![]() ![]() For this reason, one of the main tools of the early feminist movement was ‘consciousness raising’ (see p. ix) which is expressed in how women are “victimized, exploited, and, in worse case scenarios, oppressed.” This system does not rely primarily on outright coercion but on socializing everyone, both men and women, into “sexist thinking”: “we all need to be clear that we are all participants in perpetuating sexism until we change our minds and hearts, until we let do of sexist thought and action and replace it with feminist thought and action” (p. hooks’ main target is the patriarchy, a system of “male domination” (p. ![]() ![]() What places hooks’ radical/visionary feminism in the stream of ‘critical theory’ is its insistence that people are oppressed not only by violence and coercion, but -perhaps more fundamentally- by ideologies, ways of thinking about the world and of conceptualizing the social order. ![]() Feminism is for Everybody certainly stands in this critical tradition, although there are distinct contrasts between hooks’ radical feminism and the ideology of contemporary critical theorists, particularly in how they understand the dichotomy between oppressed and oppressor groups. In their book Beyond Critique, Bradley Levinson and his co-authors identify feminism as one of the many “critical theories” that have developed since the seminal work of Karl Marx. ![]()
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